Diet for pancreatitis is an important factor in successful treatment, therefore adherence to dietary restrictions makes it possible to live a satisfying life and reduce the likelihood of relapse.
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the tissues of the pancreas, which is accompanied by decreased secretion of digestive enzymes, severe pain, changes in bowel movements and vomiting. This leads to a pathological metabolic disorder and can cause the development of diabetes mellitus. The main factors in the onset of pancreatitis are: overeating, abuse of fatty foods and alcohol.
It is necessary to follow a diet for pancreatitis for a long time. Acute inflammation requires limiting the diet for 6-9 months, while in chronic pancreatitis one adheres to the diets for several years or a lifetime.
Power features
The approaches to prescribing a diet for pancreatitis depend on whether the inflammation is in an acute or chronic form. Doctors note the positive effect of diet on pancreatitis. It allows you to quickly overcome acute inflammation, avoid complications and prolong the period of remission in a chronic process.
Features of the diet:
- Within 2-3 days after an acute attack of pancreatitis, you must completely refuse food. Thus, rest is given to the pancreas. Therapeutic fasting involves the use of liquid in the form of non-carbonated alkaline mineral water, weakly brewed tea or rosehip infusion, a glass 5-6 times a day.
- On the fourth day after the start of therapeutic fasting, the gradual introduction of solid foods into the diet begins. As a rule, these are low-calorie, salt-free meals that gradually increase the secretion of gastric juice.
- With pancreatitis, the way you prepare food is important. Steam cooking is recommended as food prepared in this way preserves all the necessary substances and does not damage the digestive tract.
- The food should not be chilled or hot, the optimum temperature is close to body temperature. In this case, the food must be grated or semi-liquid.
- Diet for pancreatitis limits the consumption of even diet food. They eat small portions at least five times during the day.
The diet excludes foods:
- fat;
- fried;
- hot sauces and spices;
- on juice;
- canned food; pickles;
- smoked meat;
- confectionery;
- cocoa, chocolate;
- alcohol.
The energy value of such food should be at the level of 2500 kcal.
The disadvantage of such a diet is an acute shortage of raw plant foods. Some components need to be compensated by taking complex vitamins and supplements.
Diet for acute pancreatitis
Diet for the treatment of pancreatitis is an integral part of the therapy. During an exacerbation, an attack of severe abdominal pain and lack of appetite is accompanied, therefore the first few days of medical fasting do not cause suffering to the patient.
In addition, diet-poor foods are gradually being introduced into the diet. It can be dried uncooked bread, berry drinks and jellies, viscous decoction of oatmeal and rice, liquid mashed potatoes without oil. At this time, it is recommended to exclude products that contribute to gas formation.
On the 6-7. Today, protein dishes are introduced gradually: steamed meat, mashed potatoes or puddings from vegetables, steamed protein omelet.
It should be noted that the diet requires long-term adherence to dietary restrictions. For 6-9 months, carefully follow its rules and monitor your diet daily.
The course of the disease may have certain characteristics, therefore, the gastroenterologist and nutritionist are engaged in the appointment of a diet. Specialists in this profile determine what can be eaten on a pancreatitis diet for each specific patient, taking into account the comorbidities.
After the acute period of the disease has subsided, you can significantly diversify your menu with simple and healthy products. It should be noted that the number of meals should be at least four, while the amount of fluid drunk is about 1, 5 liters per day.
Sample menu:
- Breakfast: semolina (rice) porridge cooked in water; Apple; lightly brewed green tea with a spoonful of honey.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken breast chops; pureed carrot; a decoction of rosehips.
- Lunch: vegetable broth with beef or fish; mashed potatoes; white bread croutons; baked apple without skin.
- Afternoon snack: low-fat cottage cheese; green tea with a spoonful of honey.
- Dinner >: steamed proteinomelet from three chicken eggs; mashed potatoes from diet vegetables; white bread crouton.
- Before going to bed: coagulated milk.
With a diet, the symptoms and treatment of pancreatitis are significantly relieved. Such nutrition spares the pancreas and gradually normalizes its work. The patient's well-being will depend on how strictly he adheres to the diet. Any disturbance in the diet is immediately reflected in the digestive function.
Diet for chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis most often develops on the background of an acute condition, but it can also occur as a primary disease in cases where it is a complication of other diseases.
Diet and treatment of pancreatitis are two inseparable concepts. Even during remission, dietary advice should be followed.
Dietary rules for chronic pancreatitis:
- The caloric content of food during this period should be commensurate with daily physical activity.
- Great emphasis is placed on the protein content of foods. Turkey, chicken, rabbit, beef, lean pork and fish are allowed.
- It is not allowed to include lamb, fatty pork, goose, duck and game dishes in the diet.
- Heat treatment of food does not allow frying, baking in the oven, stew. The food must be cooked in a double boiler or cooked.
- Cheese that was previously banned in the deterioration stage is now allowed in small amounts, but it is advisable to replace milk with fermented milk products.
- The diet should include vegetable proteins, which are represented by cereals and yesterday's bread, while it is necessary to take into account that legumes should be completely excluded during a diet with pancreatitis.
- The total amount of carbohydrates should not exceed 350 g perday. They are found in pasta, cereals, honey, preserves and syrups.
An approximate diet menu for chronic pancreatitis:
- Breakfast: boiled rabbit meat; rice porrige.
- Late breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese; apples baked without honey.
- Breakfast: buckwheat soup; boiled or steamed fish with vegetables; dried fruit compote.
- Afternoon snack: steamed chops with vegetable sauce.
- Dinner: veal, unsweetened curd pudding; weak tea.
- Before going to bed: kefir.
Meals are fractionated and in small portions. The food should be served hot at intervals of about three hours.
Salt and spices cause increased secretion of enzymes in the digestive tract, so their amount should be kept to a minimum. In addition, sour, smoked food, baked goods and sour cream as well as chocolate have a similar effect. Sugary foods can cause complications such as diabetes mellitus, so their content in the diet is reduced by 90%.